The design of a new hangar or its adaptation to new uses requires a thorough analysis of the loads that its surface will support in order to guarantee its functionality and resistance.
In the process of manufacture or assembly of individual aircraft partsis used very specific machinery for each of its components. Most of them are directly supported on the ground and depending on the programme they undertake, different types of machinery are used. These new charges can be static or movable, and for this purpose they must be design all the elements necessary for their correct support on the foundation. Casi la totalidad de esta maquinaria necesita canaletas por donde irán dispuestas todas sus instalaciones necesarias, así como fosos o desniveles según el fabricante, que deberán ser integrados con la nueva cimentación.
Cualquier carga nueva introducida en una cimentación existente conlleva a thorough analysis to assess their effects. It may be the case that it complies. There are certain elements or machinery to be arranged, which, given their small loads or low deformation requirements, the existing slabs or slabs are sufficient to withstand them.
But most of the time this is not enough and other solutions have to be found for their correct support. It is usual that the machinery to be used is usually accompanied by high loads and specific deformation requirements. This usually requires a new geotechnical campaign The campaigns must include specific parameters in order to be able to address any possible solution. The range of possible solutions goes from large slabs as shallow foundations to deep foundations, such as piles or micropiles.
Each of these possible foundation solutions has its advantages and disadvantages, but one which The most common type of deep foundation that brings together speed, versatility and economy is that of micropile foundations.
The complete process includes the construction of the micropiles, the reinforcement of the slab area where these elements are placed, the positioning of the machinery rails and the concreting of the pits, manholes and the rest of the foundation elements.
The calculation of these special foundations is carried out using more specific structural models and in most cases, finite element problems are addressed.
With this discretisation in the models, conclusions about the stresses and strains of these elements in soil can be drawn with high accuracy.
En la mayoría de las cimentaciones especiales, los requerimientos de planeidad exigidos para el apoyo de las máquinas están fijados por el fabricante, y suelen ser muy elevados, por lo que se deberá calcular y analizar cualquier rotación o deformación vertical evitando que esté fuera de rango.
An almost universally adopted value is that of the maximum vertical deformation limit of 0.1 mm every 2 metres. And associated with it, the maximum permissible angular distortionof any rail, is αmax. = 0.1/2000 = 5*10-5 rad.
In addition to the suitable foundations to be used, the following are also designed all the metallic elements required, either for the support or for the sliding of the machinery. These can be anchor plates or metal rails embedded in the designed foundations. For these, influence line models will be used to see what magnitude of loads are obtained from the loads indicated by the machinery.
Models will be created for both the given static and dynamic loads, acting on the supports as a moving load on the rails, where the support points of the slab on micropiles have been introduced as fixed non-deformable hinged supports.
In each rail introduced, the following are analysed both its vertical deformations and its angular distortion, para comprobar que está dentro de los límites marcados por el fabricante. Se obtienen gráficas para su rápida visualización en su validación, o en el caso contrario, seguir bien aumentado el grosor de la losa, aumentar la sección del perfil metálico o juntar un poco más la cuadrícula de micropilotes dispuesta.
The final finish of these new facilities is integrated with the rest of the building, with the final trowelling and painting of the work area.
A new foundation inside a hangar or hall in use is always a challenge, both from a production and technical point of view.. Its realisation while minimising the level of noise and particulate matter is always a challenge in itself, in addition to the high requirements of flatness that these elements must have for the manufacture or assembly of the different aircraft parts, according to the programme in use.
